Ukrainian Scientific Society of Anatomists, Histologists, Embryologists Morfologiâ 1997-9665 1 2 2007 4 27 The role of the neural crest in the normal and abnormal heart development Роль нервового гребеня у нормальному та аномальному кардіогенезі 4 11 UK M. A. Mashtalir I. V. Tverdokhleb V. A. Kozlov 2007 1 8 2007 2 28 The data about participation of the neural crest in the normal and abnormal cardiogenesis are summarized in the review. The main morphological phenomena which accompany the interaction of the neural crest cells and embryonic heart are the migration of the dense mesenchyme originated from neural crest from pharyngeal arches to the trunk of heart as well as apoptotic processes. After chemical teratogens treatment such as retinoic acid and ethyl alcohol the distant relationship between neural crest and heart and also the migration of neural crest cells to the heart were changed. The decrease of inten-sity of the apoptotic processes in the heart, the delay of reduction of the conotruncal and atrioventricular myocardium and lesion of mesenchyme structures were determined morphologically. The ethanol and retinoic acid treatment cause also the abnormalities in the interventricular foramen closure, in the development of conductive system, and heart valves. We suggest that these abnormalities are mediated by the neural crest cells.

Ukrainian Scientific Society of Anatomists, Histologists, Embryologists Morfologiâ 1997-9665 1 2 2007 4 27 The new theoretical and pathomorphological approaches to the problem of tumor metastasis Новые теоретические и патоморфологические подходы к проблеме метастазирования опухолей 12 17 RU N. N. Fedchenko 2007 1 22 2007 3 6 The new mechanism of tumor metastasis by penetration of tumor components into vessel adventitia due to vessel rotation was described. Then the tumor cells can travel through the all layers of the vessel and get into the vessel lumen. We suppose that arterial hypertension is important risk factor for the tumor metastasis in oncologic patients. We propose the principle: the carcinogenesis replicates embryogenesis. The new method of metastasis prevention by active stimulation of gastrulas in blastomas on the basis of this principle was suggested. The theories of cytomeres and their activity of tumors are evolved. The cytomeres play important role in the immunological reactions, inflammation, tumor transformation. The high tumor cytomeres activity precedes their metastasis. The algorithm of the pathogenesis of many diseases on the basis of different ways of blocking of extravascular transport paths owing to local information deficiency is offered. Due to information deficiency the "pathogenic field" is formed, inside of which the adaptive morphogenesis can not be implemented because of impossibility of structuring of depressed information streams.

Ukrainian Scientific Society of Anatomists, Histologists, Embryologists Morfologiâ 1997-9665 1 2 2007 4 27 The morphometric parameters of body of the young sportswomen engaged in trampoline jumping Морфометричні параметри тіла юних спортсменок-батутисток 18 22 UK V. V. Abramov I. M. Shevchenko 2007 1 18 2007 2 29 The purpose of the current study was to study the dynamics of the morphometric parameters of the body of sportswomen from 10 to 17 years, engaged in trampoline jumping. The anthropometric indices: the height, weight, the body fat mass, the circumference of thorax, the leg length, the pelvic sizes were measured. Despite the fact that the body length, weight and surface increased with age as well as the chest size, all indexes were less than these in control group. Girls engaged in sport showed the reduction of body fatty mass from 19,45±1,34% in age 10-11 years to 15,98±1,77% in age 16-17 years. The estimation of indexes LE/H (correlation of length of lower extremity toward height), A/T (correlation of interacromial size toward intertrochanter size) and ΣP/H (correlation of sum of pelvic sizes toward height) on levels revealed the increase of length of lower extremities and interacromial size relatively to the intertrochanter size, and also the delay of pelvic development in sportswomen in comparison with control. The index LE/H was 61,8-68,6 in 21,6% sportswomen, index A/T reached up 1,35-1,44 in a 26,7%, that was the morphological signs of primary estrogen insufficiency and the result of influence of the intensive physical loadings on the organism of sportswomen.

Ukrainian Scientific Society of Anatomists, Histologists, Embryologists Morfologiâ 1997-9665 1 2 2007 4 27 The importance of immunohistochemical methods in diagnostic algorithm at differentiation of benign and malignant processes of breast Значення імуноморфологічних методів у діагностичному алгоритмі при диференціюванні доброякісних та злоякісних новоутворень молочної залози 23 28 UK V. O. Bondareva 2007 1 14 2007 2 26 Increasing of morbidity and high death rate among of patients with breast cancer (BC) stipulates a necessity of looking for effective methods of diagnostic and treatment of malignant tumors, and also analysis of the factors, that determine clinical course of disease and its forecast. In our investigation the level of expression of markers spectrum was analyzed, that most often used at conducting of differential diagnostic (DD) of benign and malignant process of breast. This spectrum includes α-SMA, MSA, collagen IV, S-100, fractions of cytokeratins – CK7, CK19, CK of squamous epithelium, pancytokeratins and vimentin for patients with different age, who need in verification of the diagnosis, with the purpose of an estimation of degree of the significance and diagnostic value of the indicated markers. It was obtained, that among 35 cases for the patients with suspicion on BC the diagnosis of a malignant was affirmed in 15 cases (42,8%), whereas among the women with previously benign (80), for 12 of them (15%) was established BC. Also it was established the immunohistochemical profile for the most difficult diagnoctical cases of breast, that not only decides the volume of a surgical intervention, but also promotes definition of the forecast, quality of life and survival rate.

Ukrainian Scientific Society of Anatomists, Histologists, Embryologists Morfologiâ 1997-9665 1 2 2007 4 27 Biological properties of thyroid metastases and their immunomorphological diagnostics Біологічні властивості метастазів раку щитовидної залози та їх імуноморфологiчна діагностика 29 35 UK O. O. Bondarenko I. S. Shponka 2007 1 23 2007 3 6 The detection of immunomorphological markers of thyroid cancer in metastases of unknown primary localization is a key point in differential diagnostics for the tumor metastases of different origins. The main problem in this case is the differential diagnostics between lung cancer, mammary cancer, ovary cancer and thyroid cancer that may have similar histological picture. There are not absolutely tissue specific markers among the present spectrum. The antibodies to Tg, TTF-1, vimentin and AE1/AE3 have been used in order to define the most effective markers for such diagnostics in this study. We concluded that neither TTF-1 nor vimentin and cytokeratines are appropriate tissue specific markers for thyroid cancer. The detection of co-expression of cytokeratines and vimentin is not able to give grounds to diagnose of thyroid cancer metastasis. As a result, the detection of thyroglobulin expression has a critical importance in immunohistochemical diagnostics of thyroid metastases.

Ukrainian Scientific Society of Anatomists, Histologists, Embryologists Morfologiâ 1997-9665 1 2 2007 4 27 The bloodloss: effect on the erythropoetic activity of the red bone marrow of rats on the use of recombinant erythropoietin Крововтрата: вплив на еритропоетичну активність червоного кісткового мозку щурів при застосуванні рекомбінантного еритропоетину 36 40 UK V. V. Vasilchenko S. O. Muntyan O. V. Makarenko 2006 11 3 2007 1 15 In the posthaemorragic period in the different bloodloss volume, experimental examination of the erythropoetic activity of the red bone marrow was made. An analysis of the effectiveness of the use of recombinant erythropoietin (rEPO) was also done. In the experiments pubertal Wistar line rats were used. Were experimented the following parameters of erythropoesis in the red bone marrow: the quantitative density of erythropoetic cells, relative quantity of erythroblasts with micronuclei, mitotic index of erythropoetic cells, relative quantity of reticulocytes in the structure of erythropoetic cells and the relative quantity of erythropoetic islets in the state of reconstruction. The analysis of these parameters showed that in blood loss of small level. The peak of erythropoesis stimulation comes on the third day of the posthaemorragic period, and in rats with moderate level of bleeding – on the seventh day. The depression of the erythropoetic activity of the red bone marrow in the first seven days of experiment in rats with severe level of blood loss was revealed. The use of rEPO brought on a great stimulation of erythropoesis in rats with blood loss of moderate and severe degrees in the first seven days after using the preparation. The use of rEPO in animals with small level of blood loss was not effective. A rising of the volume of the blood loss brought on an authentic rising amount of erythroblasts with micronuclei and with the use of rEPO this parameter had a tendency to an authentic lowering.

Ukrainian Scientific Society of Anatomists, Histologists, Embryologists Morfologiâ 1997-9665 1 2 2007 4 27 The peculiarities of morphological damages of the liver during obstructive cholestasis in clinic and experiment Особливості морфологічних уражень печінки в динаміці обструктивного холестазу в клініці й експерименті 41 46 UK Yu. A. Gaydar O. S. Ostrovsky B. M. Radchik I. M. Kononov 2006 10 29 2007 1 4 The purpose of work was to study of the liver depending on blood level of bilirubine during obstructive cholestasis. 35 patients of 4 groups were examined: I - with the level of blood bilirubine lower 50 mM/l; II - 50-100 mM/l; III - 100-200 mM/l; IV - over 200 mM/l. The biopsies of liver were received during operation. The thin sections were stained by hematoxilin-eosin and Malori-Slinchenco. The immunohistochemical study of PCNA, p-53 and estrogen receptors markers was carried. The ligation of the common bile duct in 21 adult Vistar rats was carried and biopsies of liver were examined by the same methods on 7th and 16-18th day. The increases of inflammatory processes in the liver according to the increase of bilirubine level in the patient’s blood, and also the growth of PCNA expression were observed. The intracanalicular cholestasis was typical in III and IV groups of patients. The expression PCNA proved the activation of the reparative regeneration processes. We also observed the expression of estrogen receptors in hepatic parenchyme and intrahepatic billiar ducts. The ligation of the common bile duct in rats has resulted in acute hepatic necrobiosis by 7th day. The nodular cirrhosis has formed by the16-18th days.

Ukrainian Scientific Society of Anatomists, Histologists, Embryologists Morfologiâ 1997-9665 1 2 2007 4 27 Estrogen and progesterone expression in displastic and neoplastic cervical lesions Экспресія рецепторів естрогену і прогестерону в цервікальних інтраепітеліальних неоплазіях 47 53 UK О. V. Dorokhova О. V. Shpon’ka 2006 12 28 2007 2 23 Cancer and precancerous lesions of cervix uteri are one of the primary medical, psychological and social problems of women worldwide. That is why the analysis of immunohistochemical marker expression is gaining in importance in clinical oncology nowadays in order to substantiate rational treatment regimen and to detect risk groups. Therefore the purpose of this study was to estimate estrogen and progesterone receptor expression in displastic and neoplastic cervical lesions and their relation to persistent oncogenic human papillomavirus infection. Operating and bioptic material from 89 patients after hysterectomy, conization of cervix and colposcopy with biopsy of cervical tissue under visual control was investigated and diagnoses such as CINI, CINII, CINIII, invasive carcinoma were confirmed. Inverse relationships among the degree of cervical lesion, intensity of staining for estrogen receptors, as well as presence of DNA of oncogenic human papillomavirus was determined. Positive staining for progesterone receptors in cervical adenocarcinomas inversely correlates with histological grade of tumors. Apparently, estrogen and progesterone play an important role in oncotransformation process in persistent oncogenic human papillomavirus infection. We can also speculate that estrogen and progesterone are cofactors of progression of displastic cervical lesion in neoplastic ones.

Ukrainian Scientific Society of Anatomists, Histologists, Embryologists Morfologiâ 1997-9665 1 2 2007 4 27 The developmental features of leaflets of atrio-ventricular valves Особливості розвитку стулок передсердно-шлуночкових клапанів 54 58 UK O. S. Zozulya 2007 2 4 2007 3 16 The purpose of the study was to determine the features of structure and development of atrio-ventricular valves using the macro-micriscopic, histological and immunohystochemical methods (marker CD 34). The leaflets of the atrio-ventricular valves of 96 hearts of embryos, fetus and people of different age were used. It was determined that the primary valvular vehicle of heart starts to develop at the 7th week of prenatal ontogenesis. The mesenchyme of endocardial cushions and superior part of delamination plate of atrio-ventricular canal take part in the development of the leaflets of atrio-ventricular valves. The inferior part of delamination plate participates in the primary filaments of tendons of valvular vehicle and apex of the papillary muscle of ventricle. The onset of development of the structures participating in the fibrous ring takes place in the same time in the superior parts of delamination plate. The immunohystochemical study of leaflets of atrio-ventricular valves showed the maximal CD 34 level in the base of leaflets in hearts of all groups.

Ukrainian Scientific Society of Anatomists, Histologists, Embryologists Morfologiâ 1997-9665 1 2 2007 4 27 Anthropometric and somatic typical features of indexes of men in mature age Особенности антропометрических и соматотипологических показателей мужчин зрелого возраста 59 66 RU А. А. Indzhikulyan 2007 2 8 2007 3 19 Purpose of conducted research is to study of constitutional features anthropometric and somatic type indexes of men in mature age. As research material served 198 men of the first and second mature age period. Measuring of 54 anthropometric indexes (total, longitudinal, transversal, circumferences sizes of body, thickness of leather-fatty folds) was made with the subsequent calculation of different indexes. It was established that most constitutional distinctions had total, circumference sizes of body and values of leather-fatty folds. The longitudinal and transversal sizes of body have less constitutional distinctions. More frequent than all differences have between mesomorph and ectomorth somatic type categories, rarer – between endomorth and ectomorth somatic type categories, and also by the mesomorph and central somatic type categories. Among the calculated indexes we expressed constitutional features of components of somatic type, almost all expected indexes.

Ukrainian Scientific Society of Anatomists, Histologists, Embryologists Morfologiâ 1997-9665 1 2 2007 4 27 The prenatal development of aorta and pulmonary trunk valves Пренатальний розвиток клапанів аорти та легеневого стовбура 67 69 UK G. O. Kozlovs’ka 2007 2 26 2007 3 27 The features of development of valvular vehicle of aorta and pulmonary trunk in 32 hearts of embryos and early and late fetuses were studied using the macro-microscopic and histological methods. Our data showed that the cusps of valves contain the loosely scattered mesenchyme cells on the onset of development, so they have the same composition as endocardial cushions of the atrio-ventricular canal and endocardial ridges of conotruncus. The primary valves are represented with mesenhymal outgrowths to the cavity of a vessel, the base of which is considerably wide and stars from the vessel wall, and free edge is thin and faces to vessel lumen. On the early stages of development in the place where the onset of primary cusps development takes place, the wall of large vessels of the heart contains the substantial layer of cardiomyocites, and there is a slight amount of cardiogelly between mesenhyma of the leaflets and vessel wall. On the next stages of the embryogenesis the number and density of collagen fibers increase in the leaflets.

Ukrainian Scientific Society of Anatomists, Histologists, Embryologists Morfologiâ 1997-9665 1 2 2007 4 27 The bullous form of the lichen planus: clinical-morphological parallels Бульозна форма червоного плоского лишаю: клініко-морфологічні паралелі 70 74 UK T. V. Svyatenko 2006 10 11 2007 1 6 The results of observation of clinical cases of bullous type of lichen ruber planus (LP) which is an atypical form of skin and mucous membranes lesions are described in the article. The clinical, pathomorphology and immunohistochemical features bullous type of LP were studied. 6 patients with bullous type of LP were observed. The clinical symptoms had such features: bullosis rash, filled by the serous, were located on the surface of the typical papule or independently, having the red or pink color, were often revealed on the skin of plantar surface of foot, in one case - on the skin of the back. The analysis of skin byopsies has revealed the alteration of processes of keratinisation and proliferation in epidermis, the oedema of the superior layer of derma, the dystrophic changes, and in some cases the full lysis of separate cellular groups leading to the destruction of epidermis with formation of subepidermal cracks and bullas. The immunohistochemical study showed the infiltrate in derma which presented mainly by T-lymphocytes with prevalence CD8+ T-suppressors that probably caused the damage basal layer of epidermis and lysis. The B-lymphocytes did not observe in infiltrate. Our data allows to prove that diagnostic of bullous type of LP which has the clinical polymorphism should be based on a complex of macro- and microscopic picture of lesion.

Ukrainian Scientific Society of Anatomists, Histologists, Embryologists Morfologiâ 1997-9665 1 2 2007 4 27 The cytological diagnosis and prognosis of malignization of cervical epithelium of uterus in pregnant women Цитологічна діагностика і прогнозування малігнізації епітелію шийки матки у вагітних 75 81 UK V. V. Sumenko 2007 2 11 2007 3 14 The investigation is dedicated to the study of the pathological alterations of cervical epithelium of uterus, proliferative activity in the lesion focuses and the improvement of cytological diagnosis of the state of cervical epithelium of uterus. The correlation between the proliferative processes in abnormal epithelium of uterine cervix and some pathological factors of the pregnant women organism was studied. The criteria for prognosis of the cervical epithelial dysplasia in pregnant women were elaborated on this basis of our data. The pathological processes in cervical epithelium were revealed in 309 pregnant women in the first trimester (mean age of women was 26,17±0,83 years). The hormonal state of pregnant women was studied on the basis of colpocytological picture and the colpocytological types which indicate the unfavorable prognosis with a certain degree of validity were determined. The mathematic model for all cytological groups of pregnant women for prognosis of inflammatory processes, epithelial dysplasia and preinvasive cervical cancer was created. The simple and comprehensible prognostic scheme for diagnosis of epithelial dysplasia and preinvasive cervical cancer was developed.

Ukrainian Scientific Society of Anatomists, Histologists, Embryologists Morfologiâ 1997-9665 1 2 2007 4 27 The estimation of chemotherapeutic pathomorphosis of non-small cell lung cancer Оцінка хіміотерапевтичного патоморфозу недрібноклітинного раку легенів 82 90 UK O. A. Sukhoversha I. V. Bilen’kiy S. M. Chekan V. A. Kosse 2007 1 22 2007 2 24 The aim of the study was the investigation of therapeutic pathomorphosis (ThP) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and device the method of its estimation. In the context of investigation there were 152 patients with IIIA st. NSCLC, being treated with ICT (102 pts) and without it (50 pts). The analysis of qualitative and quantitative pathomorphological changes in tumors after platinum-based ICT was performed. After ICT in NSCLC noticed the effective ThP (2-3 st.) in 48% with better response rate in low-differentiation tumor. Being influenced by ICT, the part of viable tumors’ parenchyma and its proliferating activity has significantly decreased. According to our results the ICT is an effective method of multimodality treatment of NSCLC. To achieve more objective estimation of therapeutic pathomorphosis and more prognostic value, it is recommended to imply our method (№u2006 13104), which includes the definition the secondary tumor changes, its proliferation activity, apoptisis, inflammation reaction.

Ukrainian Scientific Society of Anatomists, Histologists, Embryologists Morfologiâ 1997-9665 1 2 2007 4 27 The characteristic of the superficial glycoconjugates of blood cells at thyroid adenoma and cancer Характеристика поверхневих глікокон’югатів клітин крові при захворюваннях на аденому та рак щитоподібної залози 91 94 UK O. M. Khiznyak N. I. Stecleneva 2006 10 11 2007 1 4 The analysis of superficial glycoconjugates structures on the blood cells has been done in patients with thyroid gland cancer and adenoma. The patients at the age from 35 to 50 years old was examined and divided into three groups: 1. patients with thyroid gland adenoma; 2. patients with thyroid gland cancer; 3. patients with intact thyroid gland. The blood smears were stained with alcian-blue with the purpose of visualization of superficial glycoconjugates which consist of sulfated groups and sialic acid. The membrane desialition was also performed by neuraminidase treatment to examine sulfated and sialated oligosaccharides correlation. The distribution of the histochemical- positive areas on the cell membrane has been studied with their quantitative features. The comparative analysis of the superficial glycoconjugates on the blood cells structure has been made in patients with thyroid gland adenoma and cancer, and with normal blood cells. The decrease of amount of sialated D-galactose rests has been determined in erythrocytes, granulocytes and agranulocytes surface in patients with thyroid cancer. The correlation between sulfated and sialated oligosaccharide rests as a receptors complex of the cells was also found to be altered.

Ukrainian Scientific Society of Anatomists, Histologists, Embryologists Morfologiâ 1997-9665 1 2 2007 4 27 Immunohistochemical profile of laryngeal cancers with different clinical course and efficiency of treatment Імуногістохімічний профіль раків гортані з різним клінічним плином та ефектом на проведену терапію 95 101 UK I. S. Shponka P. A. Gritsenko A. V. Kovtunenko 2007 1 15 2007 3 2 The cancer of larynx is one of the most significant medical problems because of its high prevalence, high mortality and low survival rate. The retrospective analysis of specimens of 187 patients suffering from laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma of stage III-IV was performed. The purpose of our study was to substantiate the appropriateness of assessment of immunomorphological profile in estimation of biological behaviour of laryngeal cancer for prediction its clinical course and choice of optimal treatment. The routine histological examination with determination of type, histopathological grading and extention of tumors was performed. Molecular markers, such as CK19, CK34βЕ12, Ki-67, p53 and bcl-2 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Our findings were compared with the clinical course, presence of regional and distant metastasis, rate of relapses, one-year survival rate, and efficiency of treatment. The significant distinctions in marker expression among tumors with different clinical course and efficiency of treatment were determined which prove these markers prognostic significance. The cancers of the larynx with unfavorable clinical course had high proliferative activity, expression of р53, СК19 and low expression of СК34. The tumors that responded well to the treatment had high expression of р53 and low expression of bcl-2. The radiosensitive tumors also had high proliferative activity. The cancers which did not respond well to treatment had high expression of bcl-2 that allowed us to consider this marker to be independent factor of tumor resistance to treatment. These data give us the possibility to individualize treatment approaches to patients with laryngeal cancer.